Difficult decisions must be made when heart failure (HF)
progresses to an advanced stage, which requires teamwork. Shared
decision-making is what is important which enables patients and doctors
consider all the options and the patient’s preferences before drafting a
treatment course. About ten percent of the more than 6 million Americans living
with HF have advanced heart failure which is indicative of the fact that conventional
heart therapies and symptom management strategies aren’t working well. An
individual with advanced HF feels shortness of breath and other symptoms
(persistent coughing or wheezing, buildup of excess fluid in the body, lack of
appetite, nausea, tiredness and fatigue, confusion and impaired thinking,
increased heart rate) at rest.
Medication and a healthy lifestyle can help manage HF in its
early stages but treatment gets more complex as the disease progresses and the
ticker becomes weaker. This is the time that you must have conversations with
your family and your doctor about the care you wish to receive.
It should be noted that there are still many treatment
options when HF progresses to an advanced stage. What is required is a
partnership between you and your doctor where medical options are clearly discussed,
and decisions are made depending on what you want. The American Heart
Association recommends honest conversations between doctors and patients about
treatment options, their benefits and risks as well as future “what-if”
scenarios. The importance of this early dialogue lies in the fact that you’re
not blindsided when a big medical event happens that requires tough decision-making.
Treatment
Options For Advanced HF:
People have this notion that having advanced heart failure
means there’s no treatment options left. It isn’t true especially in the face
of the increasing number of therapies and state-of-the-art technologies for
advanced HF that offers more choices than ever. This is where shared
decision-making can truly help as your doctor will know your medical situation
and will narrow treatment possibilities to the most suitable options for you.
You go through the options together and consider how each treatment fits into
your life objectives.
We can cite the example of implantable cardioverter
defibrillators (ICDs), which may reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death by
shocking a fluttering ticker (known as ventricular fibrillation) back to its
normal heartbeat in someone who wants to live as long as possible.
Open-heart
Surgery- Surgery may be an option for patients with advanced HF who
are somewhat stable. An open-heart surgery involves stopping the ticker and
using a heart-lung machine to circulate and oxygenate blood until the ticker is
restarted after the procedure. It’s unclear though whether these major
surgeries are effective in treating advanced HF.
Coronary
artery bypass graft, valve surgery, pericardiectomy- are some
of the high-risk surgeries for advanced HF.
Percutaneous
Interventions- These are non-surgical procedures performed in a beating
ticker. The ticker is assessed with special tools threaded through a small
opening in the groin, which is quite unlike open-heart surgery. Options include
percutaneous valve intervention and percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary angioplasty.
Pacemaker- A
pacemaker, in cardiac resynchronization therapy coordinates the electrical
signaling between the ventricles to allow them to pump together as advanced HF
may cause delayed contractions of the right and left ventricles.
Temporary
Therapies:
Short-term or temporary therapies are sometimes needed to
help someone recover from a reversible condition, such as acute kidney failure.
A discussion is important for doctors and patients to have regarding the
long-term use before choosing any of the following treatments, such as
1. Temporary
mechanical support devices. Temporary mechanical support devices for advanced
HF inlcude
a. Intra-aortic
balloon pump
b. Percutaneous
ventricular assist device
c. Extracorporeal
membrane oxygenation
2. Renal
replacement therapy
3. Positive
inotropic drugs
Implantable
Left Ventricular Assist Device, or LVAD- It may be a temporary “bridge to
transplant” for patients who are waiting for a heart donor.
Heart
Transplant- A transplant replaces a failing ticker with a healthy donor
one.
CPR
Kansas City is an AHA certified CPR training site, offering courses for
healthcare and non-healthcare providers. To sign up for a course, either
register online or call on 913-998-7499.
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