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Valuable Facts about Ischemic Heart Disease

Heart disease is the umbrella term for a variety of conditions that affects the structure of the ticker and its function. Ischemic heart disease occurs when the arteries of the ticker cannot deliver oxygenated blood to the heart. It is one of the leading causes of death in USA with most deaths occurring from coronary heart disease, which is also known as coronary artery disease (the most common type of ischemic heart disease). Buildup of plaque (a waxy substance) inside the coronary arteries is what causes coronary heart disease (CHD). The buildup can partially or totally block blood flow in the large arteries of the ticker. A disease or injury affecting how the arteries work in the ticker can also cause some types of this condition. Another type of ischemic heart disease is coronary microvascular disease which occurs when the ticker’s tiny arteries do not function normally.
Symptoms of ischemic heart disease varies from person to person even if two individuals have the same type. Many individuals because of no symptoms do not know that they have ischemic heart disease until they experience complications such as a heart attack or sudden cardiac arrest.


Types of Ischemic Heart Disease:
1.      Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
2.      Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease
3.      Coronary Microvascular Disease

Causes of Ischemic Heart Disease:
The cause depends on which type you have. There may also be more than one cause, including plaque buildup or molecular changes in the blood vessels.

Plaque Buildup- Buildup of plaques in the arteries is called atherosclerosis which causes the arteries to become narrower and harden, reducing blood flow to the heart that results in coronary artery disease. Coronary microvascular disease occurs when small pieces of plaque or blood clots stick in the small arteries which can happen when pieces of plaque or blood clots break off during a medical or surgical procedure and travel to the small arteries. Inflammation (the body’s reaction to an injury) also plays in important role in the development of ischemic heart disease.

Molecular Changes in the Small Blood Vessels- When it comes to coronary microvascular disease, the causes aren’t fully clear which may involve molecular changes in the small vessels of the ticker that are part of the normal aging process. Additionally, molecular changes also affect the way genes and proteins are controlled inside the cells which means the small arteries of the ticker may not respond correctly when they receive signals indicating that the ticker needs more oxygenated blood, such as when a person is physically active.

Risk Factors:
There are many risk factors with the risk increasing with the type and number of risk factors you have and how serious they are. You can change some risk factors—such as high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol—through heart-healthy lifestyle changes. Non-modifiable risk factors include sex, older age, family history and genetics, and race and ethnicity.

Screening and Prevention:
For individuals who do not have any ischemic heart disease risk factors, screening tests and risk assessments for developing the disease should start around age 20. Children having risk factors, such as obesity, low levels of physical activity, or a family history of heart problems may need screening. A doctor, apart from determining whether you have any known risk factors will also test your cholesterol and blood sugar levels and check your blood pressure. He or she may use a risk calculator to determine whether you are in a low-, intermediate-, or high-risk group. Accordingly, he/she will recommend treatments such as heart-healthy lifestyle changes to help prevent ischemic heart disease.

Treatment:
Treatment depends on the type and severity of the disease and other complications or health conditions an individual may have. Treatment options include heart-healthy lifestyle changes, medicines, or procedures such as coronary artery bypass grafting or percutaneous coronary intervention.

Get CPR trained at the acclaimed CPR Kansas City and contribute towards the safety of cardiac arrest victims. Contact CPR Kansas City on 913-998-7499.
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